Sleep disorders and other sleeping problems have shown some of the strongest correlations with isolated sleep paralysis. Based on that research, researchers believe that multiple factors are involved in provoking sleep paralysis. Studies have examined data to see what is associated with a higher risk of sleep paralysis and have found mixed results. The exact cause of sleep paralysis is unknown. After starting in the teenage years, episodes may occur more frequently in the 20s and 30s. Sleep paralysis can occur at any age, but first symptoms often show up in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood (ages 7 to 25). Among these people, there is little data about how often episodes recur. How Common Is Sleep Paralysis?Įstimates vary, but researchers believe that about 8% of people experience sleep paralysis at some point in their life. In most cases, episodes end on their own but occasionally are interrupted by another person’s touch or voice or by an intense effort to move that overcomes atonia. The perception of these episodes has been found to vary significantly based on a person’s cultural context.Įpisodes can last from a few seconds to around 20 minutes, and the average length is between six and seven minutes. For this reason, around 90% of episodes are associated with fear while only the minority have more pleasant or even blissful hallucinations.
Chest pressure hallucinations, also called incubus hallucinations, that can incite a feeling of suffocation.Intruder hallucinations, which involve the perception of a dangerous person or presence in the room.Hallucinations during sleep paralysis fall into three categories: As with atonia, these can occur when falling asleep (hypnagogic hallucinations) or waking up (hypnopompic hallucinations). It occurs shortly after falling asleep or waking up, and during an episode, a person feels awake and is aware of this loss of muscle control.Īn estimated 75% of sleep paralysis episodes involve hallucinations that are distinct from typical dreams.
The fundamental symptom of sleep paralysis is atonia or the inability to move the body. In many cases, these two defining characteristics are combined to describe a condition of recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP), which involves ongoing instances of sleep paralysis in someone who does not have narcolepsy.
Standard REM sleep involves vivid dreaming as well as atonia, which helps prevent acting out dreams. Because it is connected to the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of the sleep cycle, sleep paralysis is considered to be a REM parasomnia. Parasomnias are abnormal behaviors during sleep. Sleep paralysis is categorized as a type of parasomnia. In addition to atonia, people often have hallucinations during episodes of sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis is a condition identified by a brief loss of muscle control, known as atonia, that happens just after falling asleep or waking up.
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While much is still unknown about sleep paralysis, a review of its types, symptoms, causes, impacts, and treatment can enable a better understanding of the condition and how to try to prevent it. These episodes of sleep paralysis involve elements of both sleep and wakefulness, which is part of why they can give rise to distressing symptoms. Individuals remain aware during episodes, which frequently involve troubling hallucinations and a sensation of suffocation. Sleep paralysis is a temporary inability to move that occurs right after falling asleep or waking up. While we usually think of being asleep or awake as clearly defined and distinct, conditions like sleep paralysis challenge these fixed boundaries.
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